References can be found at the bottom of this pageTheoretical frameworks and models for understanding on-the-ground research
““Homosexuality is seen in this book as one of the various sexual orientations that can develop in humans as a result of the action of one or more internal and external factors...Homosexuality, therefore, is just as susceptible to taking a ‘pathological form’ as heterosexuality””
Introduces the idea of homosexuality as pathology and why the writer disagrees with the assertion
(pAgE 11)
“Various loci have been identified or hypothesised to control the expression of same-sex sexual behaviour in various animals, humans included”
2. Challenges the assumption that homosexuality is pathogenic, as there is evidence that suggests its genetic and natural origins
(pAgE 95)
3. Identifies a biosocial model for understanding social, psychological and biological considerations for sexual orientation
(pAgE 413-415)
On-the-ground research
regarding the biology behind sexual orientation
4. Page 15 to 16 has a good summary of existing research that supports genetic causality for homosexuality
The study and results deal with the fecundity (fertility) of homosexual females produced by genetic factors, which I found really technical and potentially deterministic. But my understanding is that it addresses the claim that homosexuality is akin to a disease that causes moral damage to our society; results show that there is no effect on the overall fecundity of families from a purely genetic standpoint.
(pAgE 26)
regarding the “Homosexual lifestyle”
“in defining homosexuality as a “way of living,” it misleadingly suggests that homosexuality is a form of behavior, rather than an immutable sexual orientation. In addition, it suggests that all gay men and lesbians lead similar lives.
...
opponents of same sex rights argue that per the homosexuality-as-lifestyle concept, gay men and lesbians (as a social category) are analogous to other behaviorally-defined groups that have been historically held in ill repute, such as polygamists, prostitutes, and drug users.”
5.
6. This study compared time-use patterns of heterosexual and heterosexual couples in America and “results show that time-use differences by sexual orientation are driven by characteristics, namely parenthood, rather than a “homosexual lifestyle”.
(pAgE 390)
regarding Media Censorship on sexual orientation
7. IMDA’s strong censorship practices when it comes to any media deemed to be “promotion or glamorisation of homosexual lifestyle”. An overall strong state stance that ensures little to no discussion in “family, classroom and social environments”. This in turn causes LGBTQ youth to lack proper avenues to “ask questions” or even “explore their queer identities”.
(pAgE 208)
Secondary Sources
8. Explores the different forms of discrimination against the LGBTQ community in Singapore using several sources, despite state claims that this does not happen
References:
Poiani, A. (2010). Animal homosexuality in evolutionary perspective. In Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective (pp. 1-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511762192.002
Poiani, A. (2010). Genetics of homosexuality. In Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective (pp. 55-96). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511762192.004
Poiani, A. (2010). A Biosocial Model for the evolution and maintenance of homosexual behaviour in birds and mammals. In Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective (pp. 401-426). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511762192.011
Camperio Ciani, A., Camperio Ciani, A., Battaglia, U., Battaglia, U., Cesare, L., Cesare, L., . . . Capiluppi, C. (2018). Possible balancing selection in human female homosexuality. Human Nature, 29(1), 14-32. doi:10.1007/s12110-017-9309-8
Mutz, L. (2006). A fairy tale: The myth of the homosexual lifestyle in anti-gay-and-lesbian rhetoric. Women's Rights Law Reporter, 27(2), 67.
Martell, M. E., & Roncolato, L. (2016). THE HOMOSEXUAL LIFESTYLE: TIME USE IN SAME-SEX HOUSEHOLDS. Journal of Demographic Economics, 82(4), 365-398. doi
Aiyer, P. (2020;2018;). Queering poetics: The impact of poetry on LGBT+ identity in singaporean adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(2), 206-222. doi:10.1080/00918369.2018.1536415
Teo, Y. S. (2020, June). The price of being queer in Singapore // LGBT Rights in Singapore. Retrieved from https://heckinunicorn.com/blogs/heckin-unicorn-blog/the-price-of-being-queer-in-singapore-lgbt-rights-in-singapore
Misc: Strawberry Generation.sg. (2020, June 13). Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/p/CBXGa4iHGDd/?igshid=8koi7aoui8ft